Municipal Water Review

Water use should be reviewed by cooling design, not by assumptions.

The same size data center can have very different water impacts depending on whether it uses closed-loop, air-cooled, hybrid, or evaporative cooling.

Key review questions

What cooling system is proposed?

Require the applicant to identify whether the system is closed-loop, air-cooled, evaporative, hybrid, or liquid-cooled.

What is the water source?

Municipal water, well water, reclaimed water, surface water, and industrial reuse all have different impacts.

What are the peak and annual numbers?

Peak-day use and annual consumption both matter. One number alone can be misleading.

Policy approach

Reasonable requirements

Municipalities can require water-use estimates, cooling system descriptions, drought response plans, reporting requirements, and disclosure of whether reclaimed water can be used.

Common mistake

A blanket rule against "data center water use" may miss the point. A closed-loop facility and a high-evaporation facility may have very different impacts.

Suggested ordinance language themes

Cooling disclosure: require a written description of the cooling system.
Water source: identify all expected sources of process and cooling water.
Annual estimate: require projected annual water consumption.
Peak-day estimate: require estimated maximum daily water demand.
Drought plan: require operating procedures during water restrictions.
Reclaimed water: require analysis of reclaimed or non-potable water feasibility where available.
Municipal takeaway: The correct question is not "does it use water?" The correct question is "how much, from where, under what conditions, and with what safeguards?"